differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

Eukaryotic cells have membrane bounded nucleus and membrane bounded organelles and prokaryotic cells don't

Example: A plant cell has Chloroplast (which has a double membrane ) and nucleus which is surrounded by nuclear membrane but prokaryotic cells have Naked DNA meaning circular DNA without a nuclear membrane.

As a result a bacterial cell (Prokaryotic cell )

Will not have

mitochondria

chloroplast

RER

SER

Golgi body

Because all of these organelles are surrounded by membrane.

There are a number of differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, but the main being complexity and size. Eukaryotes are far more advanced with a fully formed nucleus, as opposed to a single molecule of DNA, mitochondria and chloroplasts (in plants).

Prokaryotes are made up of one single cell, while Eukaryotes are multi-celled organisms. Eukaryotic cells are far larger and more complex also.

Prokaryotic cells lack a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, are smaller, have a cell wall made of peptidoglycan, and reproduce through binary fission. Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, membrane-bound organelles, are larger, may have a cell wall (in plants), and reproduce through mitosis or meiosis.

Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells differs by the structure of nucleus. Where prokaryotic doesn't have a well defined nucleus or membrane bound organelles and eukaryotic owns a well defined nucleus and membrane bound organelles.

There are several key features that differ across both types of cells:

1) Membrane-bound organelles

-prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles (e.g mitochondria, Golgi apparatus)

-eukaryotic cells have a variety of membrane-bound organelles

2) cell division

-prokaryotic cells divide by Binary Fission where the parent cell replicates its DNA and splits into 2 identical daughter cells

--eukaryotic cells divide though mitosis (somatic cells) and meiosis (reproductive cells) depending on the type of cell

3) ribosomes

-prokaryotic cells have smaller ribosomes (70S)

-eukaryotic cells have larger ribosomes (80S)

4) nucleus

-prokaryotic cells do not have nuclei but they have a nucleoid region where the genetic material (DNA) is located. this DNA is not enclosed by a membrane.

-eukaryotic cells have a nucleus enclosed by a double layered-membrane (nuclear envelope)

5) genetic material

-prokaryotic cells usually have a single, circular chromosome

-eukaryotic cells have multiple linear chromosomes, made of chromatin

Simply put, prokaryotic cells are simple cells in which they do not have complex structures in them. Eukaryotic cells are more developed cells with more complex organelles and are able to perform advanced functions.

Prokaryotic cells do not have membrane bound organelles whereas eukaryotic cells do. Additionally, prokaryotic cells are unicellular whereas eukaryotic cells are multicellular. Furthermore, prokaryotic genetic material is circular whereas eukaryotic cells is linear.

• prokaryotic cells have a cell wall made of murein while eukaryotic cells have a cell wall made of cellulose/chitin
• Prokaryotic cells have no membrane bound organelles while eukaryotic cells have membrane bound organelles
• prokaryotic cells have circular DNA while eukaryotic cells have a nucleus
• Prokaryotic cells have 70S ribosomes while eukaryotic cells have 80S ribosomes

hope this helps!!

Prokaryotic cells do not have a membrane and are always a part of unicellular organisms , whereas eukaryotic cells are membrane-bound organisms and are mutlicelluar.

Nucleus:

Prokaryotic: Lacks a true nucleus; genetic material is in the nucleoid region.

Eukaryotic: Contains a well-defined nucleus where genetic material is enclosed in a membrane.

Membrane-Bound Organelles:

Prokaryotic: Lacks membrane-bound organelles.

Eukaryotic: Contains various membrane-bound organelles like the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, and more.

Cell Size:

Prokaryotic: Generally smaller in size (1-5 micrometers).

Eukaryotic: Typically larger and more complex (10-100 micrometers).

Cell Division:

Prokaryotic: Reproduces through binary fission.

Eukaryotic: Undergoes mitosis or meiosis for cell division.

Genetic Material:

Prokaryotic: Usually a single, circular DNA molecule.

Eukaryotic: Multiple linear DNA molecules associated with histone proteins.

Ribosomes:

Prokaryotic: Smaller ribosomes (70S).

Eukaryotic: Larger ribosomes (80S).

Cell Wall:

Prokaryotic: May have a rigid cell wall made of peptidoglycan.

Eukaryotic: Plant cells have a cellulose cell wall; animal cells lack a cell wall.

Flagella:

Prokaryotic: Simpler flagella.

Eukaryotic: More complex flagella composed of microtubules.

Reproduction:

Prokaryotic: Asexual reproduction is common.

Eukaryotic: Reproduction can be both asexual and sexual.

Hi Elizabeth!

The main difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is how they store their DNA. Whilst eukaryotes contain this within a nucleus, prokaryotes contain a free-floating loop of DNA with plasmids. Prokaryotes are also usually single-celled (bacteria etc.), whilst eukaryotes make up multicellular organisms.

Eukaryotic cells contain their DNA in a nucleus and have membrane bound organelles such as the smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, and lysosome. However, prokaryotic cells contain their DNA in the form of circular DNA free in the cytoplasm and also have DNA in plasmids, which are circular.

Prokaryotes are always unicellular where and eukaryotes and often multicellular organisms. Eukaryotes have a membrane bound nucleus where and prokaryotes don’t, their DNA floats around in the cytoplasm. They also have plasmid that float in the cytoplasm and they plasmid tend to code for things such as antibiotic resistance. The nucleus is only one of many membrane-bound organelles in eukaryotes. Prokaryotes, on the other hand, have no membrane-bound organelles. Another important difference is the DNA structure. Eukaryote DNA consists of multiple molecules of double- stranded linear DNA, while that of prokaryotes is double stranded and circular.

Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles (such as the nucleus and mitochondria), while prokaryotic cells do not. DNA in eukaryotic cells is found inside the nucleus, while DNA in prokaryotic cells is located in the cytoplasm. Eukaryotic cells are generally larger (Most are 5 μm – 100 μm)

and more complex than prokaryotic cells (Most are 0.2 μm – 2.0 μm). Most prokaryotic cells divide by the process of binary fission, whereas in eukaryotes, cell division occurs by mitosis.